The 2020 growing season developed with rainfalls under average. Rains before planting were 40% below average, as well as in September, when wheat yield is determined.
Temperature is another important variable for wheat. Rains intensity varied a lot in short periods of time. Just as an example, two consecutive agrometeorological frosts hit in September, on the 21 and 22, and the 26 was the warmest day recorded in September from 1970 to 2020, with a maximum of 41°C. September 30 was the 2nd hottest day of the month ever, with 40.2°C.
Eighteen days registered temperatures above 30°C in August and September (Agronomist Gonzalo Scarpín, personal communication).
As a result, frost damaged wheat at or about heading; however, disease incidence and severity were low; yield dropped by 50% compared to historical data.
Wheat Analysis
Parameters | Minimum | Maximum | Average | Standard Deviation | Variation Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test Weight (kg/hl) | 71,00 | 82,60 | 79,09 | 2,18 | 2,76 |
Total Damaged Kernels(%) | 0,12 | 0,66 | 0,36 | 0,15 | 40,54 |
Foreign Material(%) | 0,04 | 0,44 | 0,18 | 0,10 | 56,54 |
Shrunken and Broken Kernels(%) | 0,30 | 1,14 | 0,78 | 0,20 | 25,68 |
Yellow Berry Kernels(%) | 0,00 | 18,10 | 6,70 | 3,63 | 54,16 |
Protein (13,5% Moisture)(%) | 10,3 | 13,6 | 11,9 | 0,8 | 6,37 |
Protein(dry basis)(%) | 11,9 | 15,7 | 13,7 | 0,9 | 6,37 |
Weight of 1000 Kernels(g) | 25,70 | 35,24 | 30,51 | 2,07 | 6,79 |
Ash (% dry basis(%) | 1,724 | 2,117 | 1,969 | 0,096 | 4,86 |
Grade Distribution
Flour Analysis
Parameters | Parameters | Minimum | Maximum | Average | Standard Deviation | Variation Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Milling |
Gluten Húmedo (%) | 23,7 | 36,4 | 28,1 | 2,7 | 9,58 |
Gluten Seco (%) | 8,3 | 11,4 | 9,6 | 0,7 | 7,52 | |
Falling Number (seg) | 364 | 442 | 400 | 19 | 4,82 | |
Rto. Harina (%) | 66,5 | 71,4 | 68,7 | 1,1 | 1,63 | |
Cenizas (s.s.s)(%) | 0,310 | 0,805 | 0,600 | 0,116 | 19,26 | |
Farinogram |
Absorción de Agua (14 % H)(%) | 54,4 | 64,2 | 57,5 | 2,2 | 3,79 |
Tiempo de Desarrollo (min) | 1,5 | 33,0 | 9,0 | 7,1 | 79,60 | |
Estabilidad (min) | 1,8 | 41,0 | 21,0 | 11,9 | 56,60 | |
Aflojamiento (12 min) | 5 | 96 | 29 | 22 | 75,31 | |
Alveogram |
P (mm) | 74 | 112 | 89 | 10 | 11,21 |
L (mm) | 38 | 108 | 79 | 18 | 22,86 | |
W joules X 10 4 | 170 | 332 | 263 | 42 | 16,03 | |
P / L | 0,74 | 2,66 | 1,23 | 0,46 | 37,42 |
Appendix Of Locality Composite Samples
Sample Identification | Wheats Analysis | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample Number | Locality, District or Department | Tonnaje | Grade | Test Weight (Kg/hl) | Total Damaged Kernels (%) | Foreign Material (%) | Shrunken And Broken Kernels (%) | Yellow Berry Kernels (%) | Protein (MOISTURE 13,5 % H°) (%) | Protein (dry basis) (%) | Weight Of 1000 Kernels (g) | Ash (dry basis) (%) |
1 | General Obligado | 4110 | 2 | 81,30 | 0,57 | 0,05 | 0,70 | 6,40 | 12,8 | 14,8 | 35,24 | 1,738 |
2 | General Obligado | 2940 | 1 | 82,60 | 0,24 | 0,04 | 0,44 | 2,80 | 13,6 | 15,7 | 34,68 | 1,896 |
3 | 9 de Julio | 3870 | 2 | 81,40 | 0,47 | 0,16 | 1,10 | 0,00 | 13,4 | 15,5 | 35,05 | 1,994 |
4 | 9 de Julio | 3990 | 2 | 79,30 | 0,66 | 0,28 | 0,62 | 11,70 | 11,1 | 12,8 | 30,74 | 2,024 |
5 | 9 de Julio | 3800 | 2 | 80,80 | 0,28 | 0,20 | 0,64 | 10,20 | 10,9 | 12,6 | 32,22 | 1,956 |
6 | 9 de Julio | 3780 | 2 | 80,80 | 0,44 | 0,13 | 0,90 | 10,50 | 11,0 | 12,7 | 31,44 | 1,986 |
7 | San Javier | 1860 | 2 | 81,10 | 0,31 | 0,44 | 0,30 | 18,10 | 10,3 | 11,9 | 31,88 | 1,784 |
8 | Vera | 1660 | 2 | 80,70 | 0,44 | 0,16 | 0,75 | 8,50 | 10,6 | 12,3 | 31,42 | 1,724 |
9 | Castellanos | 4120 | 2 | 78,40 | 0,52 | 0,15 | 1,10 | 7,70 | 12,4 | 14,3 | 30,30 | 2,073 |
10 | Castellanos | 3850 | 2 | 78,40 | 0,30 | 0,26 | 1,00 | 5,90 | 12,1 | 14,0 | 29,84 | 2,117 |
11 | Castellanos | 4010 | 2 | 78,60 | 0,26 | 0,40 | 0,80 | 6,20 | 11,3 | 13,1 | 29,40 | 2,082 |
12 | Castellanos | 3950 | 2 | 79,50 | 0,28 | 0,20 | 0,80 | 3,20 | 12,0 | 13,9 | 30,80 | 2,006 |
13 | Castellanos | 4100 | 2 | 78,10 | 0,56 | 0,30 | 1,14 | 7,40 | 12,0 | 13,9 | 29,40 | 1,998 |
14 | Castellanos | 4110 | 2 | 78,50 | 0,28 | 0,15 | 1,06 | 4,50 | 12,1 | 14,0 | 28,40 | 2,058 |
15 | Castellanos | 3880 | 2 | 80,40 | 0,42 | 0,08 | 0,64 | 7,20 | 12,0 | 13,9 | 30,50 | 1,976 |
16 | Castellanos | 3870 | 2 | 79,90 | 0,33 | 0,25 | 0,55 | 8,00 | 12,1 | 14,0 | 30,74 | 1,995 |
17 | La Capital | 2750 | 2 | 82,00 | 0,15 | 0,05 | 0,60 | 12,40 | 10,8 | 12,5 | 29,96 | 1,784 |
18 | Las Colonias | 4120 | 2 | 79,20 | 0,50 | 0,04 | 0,64 | 4,80 | 11,8 | 13,6 | 31,92 | 1,894 |
19 | Las Colonias | 4050 | 2 | 79,20 | 0,12 | 0,25 | 0,85 | 2,70 | 12,4 | 14,3 | 29,96 | 1,926 |
20 | Las Colonias | 4140 | 2 | 79,40 | 0,44 | 0,32 | 0,60 | 0,00 | 11,3 | 13,1 | 30,74 | 1,904 |
21 | Las Colonias | 4060 | 2 | 78,20 | 0,12 | 0,10 | 0,75 | 5,50 | 12,1 | 14,0 | 29,15 | 1,894 |
22 | Las Colonias | 3900 | 2 | 78,80 | 0,22 | 0,10 | 1,00 | 4,50 | 12,1 | 14,0 | 28,90 | 1,916 |
23 | Las Colonias | 4160 | 2 | 79,10 | 0,42 | 0,20 | 0,65 | 7,80 | 12,4 | 14,3 | 31,70 | 1,944 |
24 | San Cristóbal | 3740 | 2 | 81,00 | 0,33 | 0,24 | 0,90 | 11,50 | 10,6 | 12,3 | 28,82 | 2,094 |
25 | San Cristóbal | 3600 | 2 | 76,80 | 0,60 | 0,06 | 0,76 | 9,80 | 11,1 | 12,8 | 30,00 | 2,054 |
26 | San Cristóbal | 3820 | 2 | 76,00 | 0,22 | 0,22 | 0,92 | 3,50 | 12,5 | 14,5 | 25,70 | 2,082 |
27 | San Justo | 4220 | 2 | 78,20 | 0,30 | 0,18 | 0,50 | 10,60 | 11,4 | 13,2 | 30,00 | 1,941 |
28 | San Justo | 4070 | 4 | 71,00 | 0,24 | 0,05 | 0,80 | 4,80 | 12,4 | 14,3 | 27,35 | 1,998 |
Appendix Of Locality Composite Samples
Sample Identification | Flour Analysis | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample Number | Locality, District or Department | Milling | Farinogram | Alveogram | ||||||||||
Wet Gluten (%) | Dry Gluten (%) | Falling Number (SEC.) | Flour Yield (%) | Ash (dry basis) (%) | % WA (14 % H°) | D. T. (min.) | Stability (min.) | Degree Softening (12 min.) | P (mm) | L (mm) | W joules x 10 | P / L | ||
1 | General Obligado | 31,6 | 10,3 | 390 | 69,7 | 0,464 | 61,5 | 16,3 | 13,0 | 75 | 89 | 84 | 272 | 1,06 |
2 | General Obligado | 36,4 | 11,4 | 364 | 66,5 | 0,427 | 62,5 | 13,5 | 9,5 | 96 | 101 | 58 | 213 | 1,74 |
3 | 9 de Julio | 31,9 | 10,8 | 425 | 70,3 | 0,398 | 64,2 | 18,0 | 15,5 | 79 | 106 | 85 | 329 | 1,25 |
4 | 9 de Julio | 23,7 | 8,3 | 405 | 67,3 | 0,591 | 57,9 | 1,7 | 3,0 | 39 | 98 | 59 | 227 | 1,66 |
5 | 9 de Julio | 25,8 | 8,9 | 442 | 69,1 | 0,592 | 58,6 | 2,2 | 34,2 | 7 | 112 | 66 | 270 | 1,70 |
6 | 9 de Julio | 24,7 | 9,0 | 374 | 67,7 | 0,652 | 57,0 | 2,0 | 19,0 | 17 | 95 | 71 | 263 | 1,34 |
7 | San Javier | 24,4 | 8,7 | 414 | 69,6 | 0,310 | 55,9 | 2,0 | 14,7 | 23 | 85 | 83 | 264 | 1,02 |
8 | Vera | 24,6 | 8,7 | 408 | 69,1 | 0,548 | 56,1 | 1,8 | 4,8 | 25 | 88 | 82 | 280 | 1,07 |
9 | Castellanos | 28,9 | 9,8 | 367 | 68,5 | 0,778 | 55,9 | 10,2 | 20,3 | 25 | 79 | 81 | 247 | 0,98 |
10 | Castellanos | 29,0 | 10,0 | 372 | 67,4 | 0,677 | 55,3 | 13,5 | 22,8 | 29 | 82 | 102 | 314 | 0,80 |
11 | Castellanos | 27,2 | 9,1 | 391 | 68,8 | 0,768 | 54,4 | 11,2 | 19,8 | 27 | 81 | 71 | 231 | 1,14 |
12 | Castellanos | 29,2 | 9,8 | 386 | 67,5 | 0,755 | 57,6 | 12,0 | 38,3 | 16 | 94 | 96 | 331 | 0,98 |
13 | Castellanos | 29,3 | 9,9 | 388 | 67,6 | 0,805 | 56,3 | 11,8 | 23,3 | 22 | 81 | 91 | 282 | 0,89 |
14 | Castellanos | 29,5 | 10,0 | 385 | 69,2 | 0,695 | 56,2 | 12,5 | 41,0 | 14 | 75 | 93 | 254 | 0,81 |
15 | Castellanos | 29,0 | 9,8 | 395 | 67,2 | 0,565 | 58,8 | 11,5 | 32,5 | 19 | 91 | 92 | 307 | 0,99 |
16 | Castellanos | 29,1 | 10,0 | 416 | 69,8 | 0,567 | 56,6 | 9,8 | 18,0 | 26 | 74 | 100 | 267 | 0,74 |
17 | La Capital | 24,7 | 8,6 | 393 | 68,4 | 0,515 | 59,8 | 1,5 | 1,8 | 52 | 107 | 46 | 212 | 2,33 |
18 | Las Colonias | 29,0 | 9,8 | 434 | 69,2 | 0,691 | 58,2 | 12,0 | 36,3 | 16 | 90 | 79 | 274 | 1,14 |
19 | Las Colonias | 31,0 | 10,7 | 388 | 69,1 | 0,642 | 58,7 | 10,2 | 26,8 | 9 | 84 | 102 | 308 | 0,82 |
20 | Las Colonias | 27,3 | 9,5 | 405 | 70,1 | 0,595 | 56,8 | 2,0 | 15,5 | 27 | 87 | 65 | 218 | 1,34 |
21 | Las Colonias | 29,1 | 10,0 | 411 | 68,1 | 0,604 | 56,7 | 13,2 | 30,4 | 17 | 85 | 108 | 332 | 0,79 |
22 | Las Colonias | 29,0 | 9,8 | 407 | 69,4 | 0,534 | 57,9 | 1,7 | 21,0 | 5 | 88 | 91 | 298 | 0,97 |
23 | Las Colonias | 30,0 | 10,4 | 415 | 69,3 | 0,608 | 56,3 | 11,0 | 32,4 | 13 | 83 | 91 | 287 | 0,91 |
24 | San Cristóbal | 23,9 | 8,5 | 396 | 67,7 | 0,664 | 58,0 | 1,7 | 2,0 | 58 | 101 | 38 | 170 | 2,66 |
25 | San Cristóbal | 24,2 | 8,6 | 424 | 67,7 | 0,615 | 56,7 | 1,7 | 2,6 | 45 | 100 | 51 | 218 | 1,96 |
26 | San Cristóbal | 26,3 | 8,9 | 389 | 69,1 | 0,615 | 57,0 | 33,0 | 38,5 | 25 | 92 | 57 | 224 | 1,61 |
27 | San Justo | 27,3 | 9,7 | 399 | 69,6 | 0,457 | 55,7 | 1,9 | 21,8 | 15 | 77 | 76 | 232 | 1,01 |
28 | San Justo | 28,0 | 9,7 | 418 | 71,4 | 0,414 | 54,9 | 1,6 | 4,0 | 16 | 77 | 64 | 209 | 1,20 |