Trigo Argentino

SUBREGION II NORTH

BACKGROUND FOR THE CROP

Crop season 2012/13 was characterized by the marked effect of the 'El Ni??o' phenomenon developed with strong wind storms, hail and heavy rains with a pattern well above historical values. Overall yields were below normal and test weights were low. Although water availability did not limit crop yield expression, some diseases problems occurred.

Total rainfall from May to November 2012 was 958 mm, exceeding by almost three times historical values between 1951 and 2011, and the 2010-11 season too. The water contribution for the crop started from early tillering to stem elongation (August), and heavy rains continued throughout all the critical period and grain filling. Crop health was the determining factor for the yields.

Quality was highly affected by the low test weight, due to the presence of diseases, even in treated crops. Leaf diseases were widespread, and the presence of rust and fusarium head blight (Fusarium graminearum) was significant, since predisposing conditions were given at the heading-antesis period in most of the varieties.

There were cloudy days with low radiation, frosts and heat stroke at the beginning of November, resulting in small grains that did not complete their filling. Moreover those conditions contribute to the presence of grains with Fusarium in variable percentages, some of them particularly high. Fusarium often causes yield losses of nearly 20%, mainly related to sterile flowers and the formation of underdeveloped, wrinkled and low weight grains. Furthermore, not only affect the yield and quality, but also it may affect human and animal health by action of micotoxins such as deoxinivalenol (DON), linked to the fungus.

All those conditions resulted in crops yields significantly less than the expectations, according to their appearance. In the central region, wheat yields ranged between 1500 and 4000 kg/ha, between 1951 and 2011 between 1951 and 2011 reaching an average of 3,000 kg / ha.

MAP OF THE SUBREGION

RESULTS OF THE ANALYSES

WHEAT ANALYSIS		PARAMETERS	MINIMUM	MAXIMUM	AVERAGE	STANDARD DEVIATION	VARIATION COEFFICIENT
		Test Weight (kg/hl)	70,50	77,20	74,78	1,63	2,18
		Total Damaged Kernels (%)	1,10	2,90	1,78	0,46	25,81
		Foreign Material (%)	0,10	1,80	0,52	0,43	82,12
		Shrunken and Broken Kernels (%)	0,08	1,50	0,91	0,29	32,08
		Yellow Berry Kernels (%)	0,00	0,80	0,24	0,21	84,18
		Protein (13,5% Moisture) (%) (%)	11,5	12,7	11,9	0,3	2,74
		Protein (S.S.S) (%)	13,3	14,7	13,8	0,3	2,74
		Weight of 1000 Kernels (gr.)	17,60	31,30	28,16	2,92	10,37
		Ash (% dry basis)(%)	1,745	2,065	1,953	0,067	3,42
	Total damaged kernels includes 0,96% calcinated kernels, 0,16% insect chewed kernels and 0,66 % germ-chewed kernels.

GRADE DISTRIBUTION

FLOUR ANALYSIS	PARAMETERS		MINIMUM	MAXIMUM	AVERAGE	STANDARD DEVIATION	VARIATION COEFFICIENT
	MILLING	Wet Gluten (%	26,9	32,8	29,2	1,4	4,66
		Dry Gluten (%)	9,3	11,1	9,9	0,4	4,32
		Falling Number (seg.)	430	505	465	18	3,96
		Flour Yield (%)	68,1	74,8	72,0	1,7	2,37
		Ash (dry basis) (%)	0,645	0,865	0,749	0,059	7,87
	FARINOGRAM	Water Absorption (14% H??) (%)	55,3	59,0	57,2	1,0	1,71
		Development Time (min.)	4,6	8,2	6,4	0,9	13,78
		Stability (min.)	5,9	14,8	10,2	2,4	23,24
		Degree of Softening (12 min.)	43	98	66	15	23,09
		P (mm)	50	88	68	9	12,73
	ALVEOGRAM
		L (mm)	91	129	105	9	8,76
		W Joules x 10^-4	146	285	220	32	14,71
		P / L	0,40	0,90	0,65	0,12	17,77
	These results were elaborated with 29 composite samples prepared proportionally from 360 primary samples (farmer deliveries)

SUBREGION DATA

In this sub region the wheat production was 1.206.312 tons., the 14,5 % of the national total. Were sampled 116,000 tons., the 9.62% of the sub region production.

APPENDIX OF LOCALITY COMPOSITE SAMPLES
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION		WHEAT ANALYSIS
SAMPLE NUMBER	LOCALITY, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT	TONNAJE	GRADE	TEST WEIGT (Kg/hl)	TOTAL DAMAGED KERNELS(%)	FOREIGN MATERIAL (%)	SHRUNKEN AND BROKEN KERNELS (%)	YELLOW BERRY KERNELS (%)	PROTEIN (MOISTURE 13,5 % H??)	PROTEIN (s/S.S.S.)	WEIGT OF 1000 KERNELS	ASH(dry basis) %
101	San Mart??n	4000	3	75,10	2,00	0,10	0,80	0,30	12,5	14,5	28,60	2,055
102	San Mart??n	4000	3	73,80	2,20	0,90	0,90	0,30	12,0	13,9	28,60	1,935
103	San Mart??n	4000	F/E	70,50	2,70	0,40	1,10	0,20	11,9	13,8	17,60	2,055
104	San Mart??n	4000	2	76,20	1,10	0,10	0,90	0,20	11,7	13,5	29,90	1,865
105	San Jer??nimo	4000	F/E	72,10	2,40	1,80	1,10	0,20	11,7	13,8	27,30	1,945
106	San Jer??nimo	4000	3	74,80	1,20	0,40	1,20	0,00	11,9	13,8	27,70	2,005
107	San Jer??nimo	4000	3	74,80	2,90	0,50	1,20	0,30	11,9	13,4	28,50	2,045
108	Caseros	4000	3	75,50	1,80	0,20	0,50	0,00	11,6	13,3	28,50	1,915
109	Belgrano	4000	3	74,00	1,60	0,20	0,90	0,20	11,5	14,1	27,60	1,965
110	Iriondo	4000	3	74,30	0,20	0,70	0,10	12,2	14,0	28,20	28,42	1,995
111	San Lorenzo	4000	3	75,20	1,90	0,80	1,00	0,60	12,1	13,4	27,70	1,985
112	Rosario	4000	3	74,50	2,00	0,30	1,50	0,00	11,6	13,5	27,30	1,985
113	Constituc??on	4000	F/E	72,10	1,60	0,50	1,50	0,40	11,7	13,6	24,60	1,745
114	Gral. L??pez	4000	F/E	71,00	1,90	0,70	0,80	0,20	11,8	13,4	26,30	1,985
115	Gral. L??pez	4000	3	74,40	1,40	0,40	1,00	0,00	11,6	13,5	28,50	1,945
116	Gral. L??pez	4000	3	75,60	1,20	0,20	0,08	0,00	11,7	13,8	31,30	1,905
117	Gral. L??pez	4000	3	75,50	1,30	1,60	0,60	0,00	11,7	14,7	20,34	1,875
118	Gral. L??pez	4000	3	75,20	2,30	1,60	1,20	0,20	11,9	13,5	29,30	1,915
119	Marcos Ju??rez	4000	3	74,40	1,90	0,40	1,10	0,00	12,7	14,3	30,50	1,965
120	Marcos Ju??rez	4000	2	77,10	1,30	0,30	0,70	0,80	11,7	14,6	30,60	1,945
121	Marcos Ju??rez	4000	2	76.30	1,60	0,60	0,80	0,30	12,4	14,1	29,60	2,045
122	Marcos Ju??rez	4000	2	76.00	2,00	0,30	0,70	0,40	12,6	13,6	28,50	1,885
123	Uni??n	4000	2	76.00	1,70	0,50	0,70	0,20	12,2	14,1	31,00	1,925
124	Uni??n	4000	2	76.20	1,10	0,30	0,80	0,10	11,8	14,3	30,60	1,945
125	Marcos Ju??rez	4000	3	75,10	1,80	0,30	1,20	0,20	12,2	13,5	28,40	1,925
126	Marcos Ju??rez	4000	3	73,60	1,30	0,50	0,80	0,30	12,4	13,6	28,80	2,065
127	Col??n	4000	3	77,20	2,30	0,40	0,60	0,50	11,7	13,8	30,10	1,905
128	Pergamino	4000	2	76.60	1,70	0,30	0,90	0,50	11,8	13,4	30,10	1,955
129	Pergamino	4000	3	75,60	1,90	0,40	1,00	0,60	11,9	13,5	30,50	1,955

APPENDIX OF LOCALITY COMPOSITE SAMPLES
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION		WHEAT ANALYSIS
SAMPLE NUMBER	LOCALITY, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT	WET GLUTEN(%)	DRY GLUTEN(%)	FALLING NUMBER (SEG.)	FLOUR YIELD(%)	FARINOGRAM				ALVEOGRAM				ASH(dry basis)(%)
SAMPLE NUMBER	LOCALITY, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT	WET GLUTEN(%)	DRY GLUTEN(%)	FALLING NUMBER (SEG.)	FLOUR YIELD(%)	% AA (14 % H??)	T, D, (MIN.)	STABILITY (MIN.)	DEGREE SOFTENING(12 MIN.)	P	L	W	P/	ASH(dry basis)(%)
101	San Mart??n	31,7	10,5	474	70,5	57,5	6,0	9,4	60	69	96	214	0,72	0,715
102	San Mart??n	31,2	10,3	464	71,0	57,7	6,1	9,4	60	71	104	229	0,68	0,665
103	San Mart??n	28,2	9,5	493	73,2	56,9	5,8	8,8	81	60	99	182	0,61	0,795
104	San Mart??n	27,5	9,5	450	69,9	56,8	7,8	13,3	47	73	98	240	0,74	0,715
105	San Jer??nimo	29,8	9,5	450	71,1	57,0	4,6	5,9	98	50	108	204	0,57	0,715
106	San Jer??nimo	28,7	9,6	468	70,6	56,8	5,4	7,5	89	58	99	174	0,59	0,795
107	San Jer??nimo	28,7	9,6	468	70,6	56,8	5,4	7,5	89	58	99	174	0,59	0,795
108	Caseros	28,0	9,6	483	72,5	57,7	5,8	9,1	68	64	105	210	0,61	0,655
109	Belgrano	28,3	9,5	505	68,8	56,0	5,4	8,3	73	57	108	177	0,53	0,725
110	Iriondo	29,7	9,9	499	72,3	58,1	5,2	6,8	81	60	125	203	0,48	0,645
111	San Lorenzo	29,3	10,3	485	71,3	57,6	6,8	10,5	59	70	111	237	0,63	0,805
112	Rosario	27,6	9,4	441	70,2	55,5	6,7	10,6	55	65	104	209	0,63	0,685
113	Constituci??n	26,9	9,3	460	73,5	55,7	5,4	8,0	94	51	126	167	0,40	0,745
114	Gral. L??pez	27,7	9,6	444	71,8	56,1	6,9	12,5	53	69	98	217	0,70	0,655
115	Gral. L??pez	28,7	9,6	464	73,5	56,3	7,2	12,8	57	72	96	228	0,75	0,755
116	Gral. L??pez	26,1	9,9	482	73,9	57,9	7,2	11,7	54	80	106	266	0,75	0,865
117	Gral. L??pez	29,6	9,9	448	74,8	56,1	6,4	10,1	64	69	103	213	0,67	0,835
118	Gral. L??pez	29,0	9,8	464	74,0	59,0	6.3	9,7	66	82	91	240	0,90	0,745
119	Marcos Ju??rez	32,8	11,1	481	68,1	58,7	5,3	6,9	84	66	129	221	0,51	0,725
120	Marcos Ju??rez	28,3	9,8	459	73,1	58,1	8,2	14,2	50	88	100	285	0,88	0,755
121	Marcos Ju??rez	29,6	10,1	430	71,7	57,3	7,8	13,1	45	76	104	258	0,73	0,715
122	Marcos Ju??rez	29,7	10,2	458	74,7	56,9	6,3	10,3	65	68	99	210	0,69	0,845
123	Uni??n	30,6	10,2	474	72,7	57,6	6,7	12,4	55	79	99	264	0,80	0,775
124	Uni??n	31,1	10,7	470	72,9	57,1	7,5	12,4	54	77	95	244	0,81	0,775
125	Uni??n	27,3	9,4	453	73,0	55,3	7,2	14,8	43	72	108	251	0,67	0,705
126	Uni??n	30,1	10,2	480	69,6	56,6	6,9	12,7	52	68	113	239	0,60	0,805
127	Col??n	29,2	9,9	439	73,2	58,5	6,0	7,8	81	71	93	197	0,76	0,815
128	Pergamino	30,1	10,4	468	73,0	57,1	6,3	9,5	68	61	103	197	0,59	0,765
129	Pergamino	29,1	9,8	451	73,0	58,6	6,7	11,4	57	74	108	263	0,69	0,705