The crop started with good water availability in the soil which allowed a proper planting and favored crop development.
Only 19 mm of rain precipitated in June, July and August. Fortunately, this scarce rainfall did not result in water stress at grain filling. Rains came back in September and early October, favoring Fusarium ear wilt in susceptible cultivars.
The wheat genotype, the environment and the weather conditions determine the likelihood of foliar and ear diseases that, in this growing season, led to reduced yields and lower commercial grain quality. There were early reports of leaf rust, stem rust, bacteriosis and, to a lesser extent, yellow spot and ear Fusarium. Fungicide applications were required in many plots due to the presence of foliar diseases, mainly wheat leaf rust and, to a lesser extent, yellow leaf spot and Septoria leaf blotch.
In Marcos Juarez, temperatures were above normal, followed by heavy frosts. There were losses due to stem damage in some wheat varieties and plots. It was a hot year, hotter than others, with few frosts (13 agronomic frosts) when compared to the historical record of 48 frosts.
The intense heat of October and early November affected grain filling, especially in later plots, and led to smaller grains. Test weight and 1000-grain weight were lower, due to shorter grain filling, which cause harvest to start earlier. Weather conditions and diseases affected yields. Based on initial plot conditions and farmers' expectations, yields were expected to be higher.
Yields ranged from 2,500 to 3,500 kg/ha, with minimums of 1,400 and maximums of 5,000 kg/ha, depending on the area, the applied technology, agricultural practices and temperatures. In the southeast of Cordoba, average yields ranged from 3,000 to 3,300 kg/ha.
MAP OF THE SUBREGION |
|
GRADE DISTRIBUTION |
FLOUR ANALYSIS | PARAMETERS | MINIMUM | MAXIMUM | AVERAGE | STANDARD DEVIATION | VARIATION COEFFICIENT | |||
MILLING | Wet Gluten (%) | 20,4 | 27,6 | 24,3 | 1,5 | 6,34 | |||
Dry Gluten (%) | 7,3 | 9,3 | 8,3 | 0,5 | 6,29 | ||||
Falling Number (seg.) | 233 | 480 | 411 | 34 | 8,23 | ||||
Flour Yield (%) | 68,4 | 73,8 | 70,9 | 1,3 | 1,84 | ||||
Ash (dry basis) (%) | 0,485 | 0,805 | 0,652 | 0,063 | 9,66 | ||||
FARINOGRAM | Water Absorption (14% H°) (%) | 53,4 | 59,1 | 56,0 | 1,5 | 2,73 | |||
Development Time (min.) | 1,5 | 16,8 | 4,5 | 4,1 | 92,23 | ||||
Stability (min.) | 1,9 | 36,5 | 9,8 | 8,4 | 85,91 | ||||
Degree of Softening (12 min.) | 15 | 85 | 51 | 16 | 31,16 | ||||
P (mm) | 65 | 113 | 86 | 12 | 14,07 | ||||
ALVEOGRAM | |||||||||
L (mm) | 55 | 120 | 84 | 14 | 16,78 | ||||
W Joules x 10-4 | 182 | 329 | 249 | 29 | 11,85 | ||||
P / L | 0,55 | 2,05 | 1,03 | 0,31 | 30,25 | ||||
These results were elaborated with 52 composite samples prepared proportionally from 407 primary samples (farmer deliveries) |
SUBREGION DATA
In this sub region the wheat production was 2.041.278 tons., the 14,8 % of the national total. Were sampled 208.000 tons., the 10,2% of the sub region production.
APPENDIX OF LOCALITY COMPOSITE SAMPLES | |||||||||||||
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION | WHEAT ANALYSIS | ||||||||||||
SAMPLE NUMBER | LOCALITY, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT | TONNAJE | GRADE | TEST WEIGT (Kg/hl) | TOTAL DAMAGED KERNELS(%) | FOREIGN MATERIAL (%) |
SHRUNKEN AND BROKEN KERNELS (%) | YELLOW BERRY KERNELS (%) |
PROTEIN (MOISTURE 13,5 % H°) |
PROTEIN (s/S.S.S.) | WEIGT OF 1000 KERNELS | ASH(dry basis) % | |
101 | San Martín | 4000 | 3 | 74,80 | 1,60 | 0,30 | 0,30 | 0,20 | 11,3 | 13,1 | 28,70 | 1,985 | |
102 | San Martín | 4000 | 3 | 75,30 | 1,30 | 0,20 | 0,40 | 0,00 | 11,0 | 12,7 | 29,30 | 1,925 | |
103 | San Martín | 4000 | 2 | 76,30 | 1,30 | 0,20 | 0,40 | 0,00 | 11,2 | 12,9 | 31,50 | 1,925 | |
104 | San Martín | 4000 | 3 | 76,90 | 2,40 | 0,30 | 0,50 | 0,30 | 11,2 | 12,9 | 30,30 | 1,955 | |
105 | San Martín | 4000 | 3 | 76,40 | 2,60 | 0,10 | 0,50 | 0,20 | 11,3 | 13,1 | 30,90 | 1,945 | |
106 | San Martín | 4000 | 2 | 76,10 | 1,30 | 0,30 | 0,50 | 0,00 | 11,3 | 13,1 | 29,00 | 1,985 | |
107 | San Martín | 4000 | 2 | 76,60 | 1,90 | 0,10 | 1,10 | 0,30 | 11,6 | 13,4 | 28,80 | 1,955 | |
108 | San Jerónimo | 4000 | F/E | 69,60 | 7,20 | 0,90 | 1,30 | 0,00 | 11,9 | 13,8 | 24,80 | 1,935 | |
109 | San Jerónimo | 4000 | 3 | 75,50 | 0,90 | 0,40 | 1,00 | 0,30 | 11,6 | 13,4 | 27,20 | 2,025 | |
110 | San Jerónimo | 4000 | F/E | 76,20 | 4,20 | 0,20 | 0,80 | 0,20 | 11,3 | 13,1 | 29,60 | 1,955 | |
111 |
| 4000 | 2 | 76,50 | 1,90 | 0,20 | 0,90 | 0,00 | 11,3 | 13,1 | 28,30 | 2,025 | |
112 |
| 4000 | F/E | 76,70 | 4,40 | 0,50 | 1,30 | 0,00 | 11,4 | 13,2 | 28,20 | 1,995 | |
113 |
| 4000 | 3 | 74,70 | 1,10 | 0,20 | 0,70 | 0,00 | 10,8 | 12,5 | 28,80 | 1,965 | |
114 |
| 4000 | 2 | 76,90 | 1,80 | 0,20 | 0,80 | 0,00 | 10,8 | 12,5 | 29,1 | 1,885 | |
115 |
| 4000 | 3 | 75,70 | 0,80 | 0,20 | 0,40 | 0,40 | 11,2 | 12,9 | 29,20 | 1,975 | |
116 |
| 4000 | 3 | 75,10 | 1,00 | 0,50 | 0,60 | 0,60 | 11,1 | 12,8 | 32,60 | 1,985 | |
117 |
| 4000 | 3 | 75,60 | 0,50 | 0,40 | 1,00 | 0,00 | 11,0 | 12,7 | 30,90 | 2,005 | |
118 |
| 4000 | 3 | 76,40 | 1,10 | 0,90 | 1,10 | 050 | 10,8 | 12,5 | 30,10 | 1,995 | |
119 |
| 4000 | 2 | 76,10 | 0,40 | 0,40 | 0,70 | 0,40 | 10,7 | 12,4 | 28,20 | 1,965 | |
120 |
| 4000 | 2 | 76,10 | 0,40 | 0,40 | 0,70 | 0,40 | 10,7 | 12,4 | 28,20 | 1,965 | |
120 |
| 4000 | 2 | 78,00 | 0,10 | 0,30 | 0,50 | 0,20 | 10,5 | 12,1 | 29,30 | 1,915 | |
121 |
| 4000 | 2 | 79,10 | 0,40 | 0,20 | 0,70 | 0,20 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 29,70 | 1,965 | |
122 |
| 4000 | 3 | 73,90 | 0,60 | 0,20 | 0,80 | 0,40 | 9,5 | 11,0 | 28,20 | 1,855 | |
123 |
| 4000 | 2 | 78,30 | 0,70 | 0,10 | 0,80 | 0,60 | 10,9 | 12,6 | 29,70 | 1,925 | |
125 |
| 4000 | 2 | 77,60 | 0,20 | 0,60 | 0,60 | 0,20 | 10,6 | 12,3 | 29,00 | 1,955 | |
126 |
| 4000 | 2 | 78,10 | 0,10 | 0,10 | 0,50 | 0,20 | 10,1 | 11,7 | 31,40 | 1,915 | |
127 |
| 4000 | 2 | 78,50 | 0,90 | 0,20 | 0,60 | 0,40 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 30,20 | 1,850 | |
128 |
| 4000 | 2 | 78,50 | 0,40 | 0,20 | 0,60 | 0,20 | 10,5 | 12,1 | 30,60 | 2,085 | |
129 |
| 4000 | 2 | 76,40 | 0,40 | 0,30 | 1,00 | 0,50 | 10,4 | 12,0 | 29,90 | 1,855 | |
130 |
| 4000 | 2 | 77,10 | 0,20 | 0,60 | 1,00 | 0,20 | 10,1 | 11,7 | 30,00 | 2,205 | |
131 |
| 4000 | 2 | 79,00 | 0,10 | 0,30 | 0,90 | 0,00 | 10,7 | 12,4 | 29,70 | 1,795 | |
132 |
| 4000 | 3 | 74,60 | 0,30 | 0,30 | 0,70 | 0,50 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 27,10 | 1,805 | |
133 |
| 4000 | 2 | 77,60 | 0,30 | 0,60 | 1,10 | 0,40 | 10,8 | 12,5 | 27,80 | 1,905 | |
134 |
| 4000 | 3 | 80,40 | 0,50 | 0,40 | 1,50 | 0,70 | 11,5 | 13,3 | 29,50 | 2,005 | |
135 |
| 4000 | 2 | 80,70 | 0,20 | 0,20 | 0,70 | 0,50 | 10,7 | 12,4 | 32,20 | 1,915 | |
136 |
| 4000 | F/E | 78,80 | 5,30 | 0,50 | 2,00 | 0,20 | 10,6 | 12,3 | 28,50 | 1,975 | |
137 |
| 4000 | 2 | 80,10 | 1,50 | 0,20 | 0,60 | 0,20 | 11,0 | 12,7 | 31,70 | 1,975 | |
138 |
| 4000 | 1 | 79,10 | 0,20 | 0,20 | 0,50 | 0,40 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 31,60 | 1,965 | |
139 |
| 4000 | 3 | 75,00 | 0,10 | 0,40 | 1,50 | 0,50 | 10,4 | 12,0 | 29,30 | 1,905 | |
140 |
| 4000 | 3 | 77,30 | 0,20 | 0,60 | 1,30 | 0,00 | 11,2 | 12,9 | 29,70 | 2,015 | |
141 |
| 4000 | 3 | 75,90 | 0,20 | 0,10 | 1,00 | 0,00 | 11,2 | 12,9 | 30,50 | 1,935 | |
142 |
| 4000 | 2 | 78,00 | 0,30 | 0,10 | 1,00 | 0,60 | 10,5 | 12,1 | 30,60 | 1,925 | |
143 |
| 4000 | 2 | 77,70 | 0,20 | 0,20 | 0,70 | 0,30 | 10,5 | 12,1 | 31,00 | 1,945 | |
144 |
| 4000 | F/E | 76,00 | 6,60 | 0,70 | 1,50 | 0,40 | 10,5 | 12,1 | 28,00 | 1,975 | |
145 |
| 4000 | F/E | 76,10 | 8,00 | 1,20 | 1,30 | 0,00 | 10,4 | 12,0 | 28,10 | 1,885 | |
146 |
| 4000 | 3 | 75,40 | 0,40 | 1,00 | 1,10 | 1,20 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 28,40 | 1,875 | |
147 |
| 4000 | 2 | 76,20 | 0,50 | 0,70 | 0,90 | 0,00 | 10,7 | 12,4 | 27,20 | 1,885 | |
148 |
| 4000 | 3 | 74,90 | 1,30 | 0,60 | 1,10 | 0,50 | 11,1 | 12,8 | 30,40 | 1,985 | |
149 |
| 4000 | 3 | 75,50 | 0,60 | 0,80 | 1,70 | 0,00 | 10,7 | 12,4 | 27,60 | 1,955 | |
150 |
| 4000 | 2 | 78,60 | 0,20 | 0,30 | 0,60 | 0,70 | 10,3 | 11,9 | 30,10 | 1,735 | |
151 |
| 4000 | 2 | 78,80 | 0,20 | 0,60 | 1,10 | 0,90 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 30,90 | 1,835 | |
152 |
| 4000 | 2 | 79,00 | 0,20 | 0,70 | 0,70 | 0,00 | 10,0 | 11,6 | 29,30 | 1,835 |
APPENDIX OF LOCALITY COMPOSITE SAMPLES | |||||||||||||||
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION | WHEAT ANALYSIS | ||||||||||||||
SAMPLE NUMBER | LOCALITY, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT | WET GLUTEN(%) | DRY GLUTEN(%) | FALLING NUMBER (SEG.) | FLOUR YIELD(%) | FARINOGRAM | ALVEOGRAM | ASH(dry basis)(%) | |||||||
% AA (14 % H°) | T, D, (MIN.) | STABILITY (MIN.) | DEGREE SOFTENING(12 MIN.) | P | L | W | P/L | ||||||||
101 | San Martín | 25,6 | 8,6 | 405 | 68,9 | 53,6 | 7,4 | 15,6 | 43 | 67 | 111 | 231 | 0,60 | 0,615 | |
102 | San Martín | 24,6 | 8,4 | 404 | 70,7 | 55,5 | 9,1 | 17,4 | 39 | 83 | 85 | 240 | 0,98 | 0,735 | |
103 | San Martín | 24,8 | 8,7 | 375 | 70,2 | 54,2 | 10,9 | 22,3 | 31 | 78 | 104 | 281 | 0,75 | 0,605 | |
104 | San Martín | 27,5 | 8,5 | 417 | 71,9 | 54,1 | 10,7 | 22,9 | 30 | 77 | 84 | 230 | 0,92 | 0,685 | |
105 | San Martín | 25,4 | 8,9 | 408 | 70,6 | 55,9 | ,19 | 12,4 | 43 | 78 | 98 | 263 | 0,80 | 0,605 | |
106 | San Martín | 26,3 | 9,1 | 405 | 73,8 | 56,0 | 1,9 | 12,4 | 40 | 75 | 98 | 241 | 0,77 | 0,695 | |
107 | San Martín | 25,9 | 9,1 | 410 | 71,2 | 54,3 | 16,8 | 36,5 | 15 | 87 | 94 | 300 | 0,93 | 0,625 | |
108 | San Jerónimo | 27,6 | 9,3 | 233 | 69,6 | 55,3 | 6,5 | 11,0 | 67 | 66 | 120 | 236 | 0,55 | 0,755 | |
109 | San Jerónimo | 25,7 | 9,3 | 396 | 68,4 | 54,3 | 9,6 | 21,5 | 33 | 80 | 101 | 277 | 0,79 | 0,665 | |
110 | San Jerónimo | 26,3 | 9,0 | 402 | 70,8 | 56,7 | 2,0 | 11,6 | 44 | 86 | 94 | 278 | 0,91 | 0,685 | |
111 |
| 25,2 | 8,9 | 407 | 69,5 | 53,8 | 11,9 | 24,6 | 28 | 74 | 87 | 228 | 0,85 | 0,625 | |
112 |
| 25,4 | 8,8 | 330 | 70,7 | 56,9 | 2,0 | 3,1 | 67 | 75 | 103 | 247 | 0,793 | 0,705 | |
113 |
| 24,2 | 8,7 | 423 | 68,4 | 53,4 | 12,6 | 23,6 | 30 | 75 | 73 | 207 | 1,03 | 0,575 | |
114 |
| 25,0 | 8,7 | 407 | 72,2 | 56,6 | 2,4 | 13,4 | 37 | 82 | 80 | 227 | 1,03 | 0,675 | |
115 |
| 25,2 | 8,6 | 397 | 69,5 | 53,5 | 108 | 25,3 | 23 | 77 | 92 | 242 | 0,84 | 0,605 | |
116 |
| 23,4 | 8,2 | 426 | 70,4 | 53,9 | 13,4 | 24,1 | 34 | 77 | 84 | 227 | 0,92 | 0,715 | |
117 |
| 23,2 | 7,6 | 428 | 68,6 | 55,2 | 9,1 | 15,0 | 40 | 86 | 83 | 247 | 1,04 | 0,705 | |
118 |
| 24,4 | 8,0 | 416 | 71,4 | 56,4 | 9,2 | 16,1 | 37 | 88 | 79 | 239 | 1,11 | 0,775 | |
119 |
| 25,0 | 8,2 | 414 | 70,2 | 56,3 | 8,8 | 15,2 | 34 | 81 | 90 | 248 | 0,90 | 0,695 | |
120 |
| 23,6 | 8,0 | 428 | 69,7 | 56,2 | 1,9 | 3,6 | 52 | 84 | 68 | 217 | 1,24 | 0,555 | |
121 |
| 21,8 | 7,5 | 404 | 70,7 | 58,2 | 1,5 | 2,0 | 84 | 113 | 55 | 236 | 2,05 | 0,665 | |
122 |
| 20,4 | 7,3 | 425 | 69,6 | 53,5 | 1,5 | 2,06 | 71 | 71 | 69 | 182 | 1,03 | 0,605 | |
123 |
| 25,5 | 8,7 | 452 | 72,1 | 56,3 | 2,2 | 4,8 | 51 | 83 | 84 | 249 | 0,99 | 0,695 | |
124 |
| 23,0 | 7,9 | 443 | 69,1 | 55,2 | 1,8 | 3,2 | 57 | 81 | 83 | 241 | 0,98 | 0,635 | |
125 |
| 23,8 | 8,1 | 436 | 71,3 | 56,5 | 2,0 | 3,0 | 57 | 77 | 83 | 221 | 0,93 | 0,755 | |
126 |
| 20,7 | 7,3 | 436 | 69,4 | 56,9 | 1,8 | 2,3 | 85 | 96 | 71 | 257 | 1,35 | 0,515 | |
127 |
| 25,2 | 8,1 | 438 | 71,0 | 56,2 | 1,7 | 2,1 | 60 | 85 | 70 | 213 | 1,21 | 0,805 | |
128 |
| 24,1 | 8,1 | 426 | 68,7 | 57,1 | 6,3 | 9,5 | 68 | 61 | 103 | 197 | 0,59 | 0,765 | |
129 |
| 23,0 | 8,1 | 425 | 72,4 | 57,4 | 1,7 | 3,5 | 64 | 102 | 69 | 273 | 1,48 | 0,485 | |
130 |
| 23,0 | 8,1 | 425 | 72,4 | 57,4 | 1,7 | 3,5 | 64 | 102 | 69 | 273 | 1,48 | 0,485 | |
131 |
| 24,7 | 8,4 | 418 | 71,7 | 59,1 | 2,0 | 3,1 | 54 | 110 | 72 | 296 | 1,53 | 0,625 | |
132 |
| 21,9 | 7,7 | 430 | 71,0 | 55,5 | 2,2 | 4,6 | 48 | 97 | 71 | 261 | 1,37 | 0,585 | |
133 |
| 23,6 | 8,2 | 423 | 71,0 | 58,4 | 1,7 | 8,2 | 48 | 112 | 75 | 310 | 1,49 | 0,655 | |
134 |
| 26,1 | 9,1 | 414 | 71,6 | 57,1 | 2,7 | 17,3 | 38 | 91 | 94 | 304 | 0,97 | 0,595 | |
135 |
| 24,7 | 8,3 | 396 | 73,5 | 57,4 | 1,9 | 2,7 | 63 | 99 | 70 | 259 | 1,41 | 0,665 | |
136 |
| 24,9 | 8,2 | 362 | 70,0 | 56,3 | 10,9 | 17,9 | 32 | 83 | 89 | 264 | 0,93 | 0,625 | |
137 |
| 25,8 | 8,9 | 407 | 72,7 | 59,0 | 2,2 | 5,0 | 55 | 109 | 85 | 329 | 1,28 | 0,645 | |
138 |
| 22,9 | 7,7 | 407 | 72,1 | 56,2 | 1,7 | 3,1 | 60 | 85 | 71 | 214 | 1,20 | 0,665 | |
139 |
| 24,7 | 8,3 | 421 | 70,3 | 53,6 | 1,8 | 4,4 | 58 | 65 | 104 | 211 | 0,63 | 0,635 | |
140 |
| 26,1 | 8,9 | 480 | 71,0 | 57,0 | 2,0 | 10,6 | 40 | 83 | 91 | 254 | 0,91 | 0,685 | |
141 |
| 26,2 | 9,0 | 448 | 70,0 | 55,5 | 2,2 | 11,7 | 43 | 72 | 97 | 230 | 0,74 | 0,635 | |
142 |
| 26,1 | 8,6 | 441 | 71,1 | 57,8 | 1,7 | 2,4 | 67 | 84 | 67 | 199 | 1,25 | 0,715 | |
143 |
| 24,3 | 8,2 | 419 | 70,8 | 55,7 | 1,8 | 3,0 | 55 | 81 | 87 | 243 | 0,93 | 0,595 | |
144 |
| 22,0 | 7,6 | 414 | 71,8 | 57,4 | 1,8 | 2,0 | 60 | 100 | 60 | 229 | 1,67 | 0,675 | |
145 |
| 22,3 | 7,6 | 417 | 71,3 | 56,9 | 1,7 | 1,9 | 84 | 103 | 59 | 241 | 1,75 | 0,625 | |
146 |
| 23,8 | 8,0 | 421 | 72,0 | 54,8 | 1,9 | 4,2 | 53 | 81 | 84 | 236 | 0,96 | 0,685 | |
147 |
| 23,2 | 7,9 | 411 | 72,7 | 56,0 | 1,7 | 2,7 | 55 | 80 | 81 | 226 | 0,99 | 0,725 | |
148 |
| 22,9 | 7,6 | 367 | 70,8 | 56,1 | 1,9 | 2,4 | 59 | 101 | 63 | 245 | 1,60 | 0,575 | |
149 |
| 23,4 | 8,1 | 429 | 72,2 | 56,8 | 1,5 | 2,2 | 67 | 93 | 88 | 286 | 1,06 | 0,685 | |
150 |
| 24,4 | 8,3 | 408 | 70,7 | 53,5 | 8,1 | 16,2 | 41 | 72 | 111 | 259 | 0,65 | 0,605 | |
151 |
| 23,8 | 8,2 | 401 | 72,6 | 55,9 | 1,8 | 3,8 | 69 | 80 | 81 | 230 | 0,99 | 0,715 | |
152 |
| 22,0 | 7,8 | 408 | 71,1 | 54,8 | 1,9 | 4,3 | 64 | 89 | 78 | 266 | 1,14 | 0,595 |