Wheat planted area grew 6.5% compared to the 2018/2019 season thanks to attractive prices, expected good weather conditions, and the need to include wheat in crop rotation plans.
Water accumulation in the profile before planting was good during the fall, mainly from April to May. However, by mid-June, excess rainfall delayed planting of intermediate cycle cultivars.
Short and intermediate-cycle varieties sowing was in June and July.
Fertilization management was better: phosphate fertilizers were applied at planting, and N applications were before planting or at planting/tillering. Early planted seeds set very well thanks to timely rains at the end of May and end of June. Early growth stages developed under adequate moisture levels, especially where the crop was sowed early.
Most plots suffered significant water stress in August, at tillering. Lack of rains negatively impacted on late planting: growth was not as vigorous, and the crop set more unevenly. The precipitation deficit continued all along September when a more critical growth stage starts.
Flowering was under good rains and consequently, under better water supply, but moisture distribution and level were quite irregular. Temperatures slightly above average and moderate rains characterized grain filling, from October 20 to November 20. Grains filled earlier and harvest was also before previous years dates though with good yields, 1000-grain weight and test weight. Biotic stresses were represented by strong and early attacks of stripe rust roya (Puccinia striiformis), and leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and a significant occurrence of the foliar spot complex with severe consequences on certain cultivars. Harvest was under excellent weather conditions, with no rains and no extreme weather either. Harvest started by November 25 and ended on December 15. Economic results were very good. Average yield was 45 q/ha with peaks of 75q/ha in specific plots. Grain commercial quality was generally very good.
Wheat Analysis
Parameters | Minimum | Maximum | Average | Standard Deviation | Variation Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Test Weight (kg/hl) | 75,50 | 82,80 | 79,88 | 1,51 | 1,89 |
Total Damaged Kernels(%) | 0,04 | 1,44 | 0,25 | 0,22 | 86,56 |
Foreign Material(%) | 0,10 | 0,98 | 0,39 | 0,18 | 47,05 |
Shrunken and Broken Kernels(%) | 0,12 | 0,74 | 0,31 | 0,15 | 48,59 |
Yellow Berry Kernels(%) | 0,80 | 7,96 | 3,35 | 1,74 | 52,11 |
Protein (13,5% Moisture)(%) | 9,5 | 12,5 | 11,2 | 0,7 | 6,18 |
Protein(dry basis)(%) | 11,0 | 14,5 | 12,9 | 0,8 | 6,18 |
Weight of 1000 Kernels(g) | 29,40 | 39,19 | 34,14 | 1,73 | 5,07 |
Ash (% dry basis(%) | 1,579 | 2,065 | 1,769 | 0,080 | 4,51 |
Grade Distribution
Flour Analysis
Parameters | Parameters | Minimum | Maximum | Average | Standard Deviation | Variation Coefficient |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Milling |
Gluten Húmedo (%) | 22,02 | 30,63 | 25,80 | 1,84 | 7,14 |
Gluten Seco (%) | 7,81 | 10,58 | 9,13 | 0,60 | 6,54 | |
Falling Number (seg) | 374,71 | 453,05 | 428,77 | 14,87 | 3,47 | |
Rto. Harina (%) | 64,16 | 72,38 | 68,98 | 1,40 | 2,04 | |
Cenizas (s.s.s)(%) | 0,56 | 0,71 | 0,60 | 0,05 | 7,86 | |
Farinogram |
Absorción de Agua (14 % H)(%) | 55,19 | 62,90 | 56,67 | 1,75 | 3,10 |
Tiempo de Desarrollo (min) | 4,89 | 17,94 | 8,64 | 3,57 | 41,31 | |
Estabilidad (min) | 6,38 | 34,45 | 19,18 | 6,42 | 33,49 | |
Aflojamiento (12 min) | 13,73 | 72,97 | 33,15 | 13,02 | 39,29 | |
Alveogram |
P(mm) | 6,82 | 107,27 | 79,41 | 17,46 | 21,98 |
L (mm) | 1,94 | 117,10 | 91,39 | 26,75 | 29,27 | |
W joules X 10 4 | 11,59 | 349,60 | 261,39 | 67,40 | 25,78 | |
P / L | 0,17 | 1,85 | 0,95 | 0,39 | 40,74 |
Appendix Of Locality Composite Samples
Sample Identification | Wheats Analysis | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample Number | Locality, District or Department | Tonnaje | Grade | Test Weight (Kg/hl) | Total Damaged Kernels (%) | Foreign Material (%) | Shrunken And Broken Kernels (%) | Yellow Berry Kernels (%) | Protein (MOISTURE 13,5 % H°) (%) | Protein (dry basis) (%) | Weight Of 1000 Kernels (g) | Ash (dry basis) (%) |
200 | Junín | 2000 | 2 | 80,90 | 0,30 | 0,40 | 0,44 | 1,68 | 12,2 | 14,1 | 32,84 | 1,756 |
201 | Junín | 4000 | 2 | 78,00 | 0,30 | 0,30 | 0,30 | 2,60 | 10,3 | 11,9 | 33,27 | 1,766 |
202 | Junín | 4000 | 3 | 75,50 | 0,46 | 0,90 | 0,74 | 3,04 | 11,5 | 13,3 | 29,40 | 1,762 |
203 | Chacabuco | 4000 | 2 | 79,90 | 0,36 | 0,48 | 0,12 | 1,60 | 11,3 | 13,1 | 35,77 | 1,809 |
204 | Chacabuco | 4000 | 2 | 79,70 | 0,15 | 0,28 | 0,30 | 2,36 | 11,1 | 12,8 | 34,15 | 1,849 |
205 | Rojas | 4000 | 2 | 80,90 | 0,40 | 0,36 | 0,40 | 4,43 | 11,7 | 13,5 | 33,71 | 1,854 |
206 | Rojas | 4000 | 2 | 77,80 | 0,10 | 0,74 | 0,60 | 3,80 | 12,0 | 13,9 | 29,66 | 1,884 |
207 | Rojas | 3000 | 2 | 80,60 | 0,36 | 0,42 | 0,20 | 1,24 | 12,3 | 14,2 | 35,87 | 1,635 |
208 | General Arenales | 4000 | 2 | 80,30 | 0,52 | 0,40 | 0,44 | 4,06 | 12,0 | 13,8 | 33,51 | 1,751 |
209 | General Arenales | 4000 | 2 | 78,70 | 0,20 | 0,24 | 0,26 | 1,40 | 12,4 | 14,4 | 33,79 | 1,775 |
210 | Florentino Ameghino | 4000 | 2 | 79,90 | 0,18 | 0,24 | 0,44 | 1,64 | 12,4 | 14,3 | 32,52 | 1,837 |
211 | General Pinto | 4000 | 2 | 80,00 | 0,26 | 0,48 | 0,18 | 3,82 | 11,1 | 12,9 | 35,12 | 1,727 |
212 | General Pinto | 4000 | 2 | 80,10 | 0,16 | 0,46 | 0,22 | 3,20 | 11,0 | 12,7 | 35,19 | 1,760 |
213 | General Pinto | 2000 | 3 | 79,50 | 0,10 | 0,98 | 0,18 | 3,78 | 11,1 | 12,8 | 35,40 | 1,685 |
214 | Lincoln | 4000 | 2 | 77,90 | 0,14 | 0,52 | 0,28 | 6,90 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 34,31 | 1,809 |
215 | Lincoln | 4000 | 2 | 77,50 | 0,28 | 0,42 | 0,28 | 6,44 | 10,5 | 12,1 | 34,50 | 1,735 |
216 | Lincoln | 4000 | 2 | 77,40 | 0,30 | 0,54 | 0,12 | 3,06 | 10,5 | 12,2 | 34,07 | 1,750 |
217 | Lincoln | 2000 | 2 | 79,70 | 0,10 | 0,26 | 0,48 | 1,86 | 12,1 | 14,0 | 34,35 | 1,760 |
218 | General Villegas | 4000 | 1 | 80,20 | 0,20 | 0,14 | 0,28 | 4,84 | 11,2 | 13,0 | 33,72 | 1,760 |
219 | General Villegas | 4000 | 2 | 79,90 | 0,14 | 0,54 | 0,18 | 4,98 | 11,0 | 12,7 | 35,42 | 1,646 |
220 | General Villegas | 4000 | 2 | 79,70 | 0,10 | 0,42 | 0,14 | 1,62 | 11,0 | 12,7 | 35,66 | 1,733 |
221 | General Villegas | 4000 | 2 | 79,70 | 0,10 | 0,28 | 0,26 | 7,96 | 10,9 | 12,6 | 35,38 | 1,717 |
222 | Leandro N. Alem | 4000 | 2 | 79,20 | 0,26 | 0,48 | 0,36 | 3,32 | 11,1 | 12,8 | 32,83 | 1,708 |
223 | Leandro N. Alem | 2000 | 2 | 77,90 | 0,28 | 0,52 | 0,34 | 1,36 | 12,5 | 14,5 | 31,95 | 2,065 |
224 | General Viamonte | 4000 | 2 | 79,20 | 0,53 | 0,28 | 0,30 | 0,80 | 12,3 | 14,2 | 31,93 | 1,772 |
225 | Alberti | 2000 | 2 | 81,80 | 0,25 | 0,57 | 0,20 | 1,79 | 12,3 | 14,2 | 35,30 | 1,764 |
226 | Alberti | 4000 | 2 | 81,90 | 0,06 | 0,32 | 0,38 | 1,64 | 11,0 | 12,7 | 34,03 | 1,809 |
227 | Bragado | 4000 | 2 | 80,60 | 0,42 | 0,68 | 0,32 | 3,89 | 11,1 | 12,8 | 34,36 | 1,919 |
228 | Bragado | 4000 | 2 | 80,80 | 0,36 | 0,45 | 0,24 | 5,01 | 11,4 | 13,2 | 35,85 | 1,853 |
229 | Bragado | 2000 | 2 | 79,70 | 0,20 | 0,28 | 0,26 | 7,08 | 9,8 | 11,3 | 33,45 | 1,766 |
230 | Mercedes | 2000 | 1 | 79,30 | 0,33 | 0,17 | 0,31 | 4,85 | 9,7 | 11,2 | 31,39 | 1,784 |
231 | Suipacha | 1000 | 1 | 79,20 | 0,09 | 0,10 | 0,26 | 2,09 | 10,7 | 12,3 | 33,02 | 1,832 |
232 | Chivilcoy | 4000 | 2 | 80,70 | 0,09 | 0,18 | 0,66 | 2,66 | 11,2 | 12,9 | 33,96 | 1,820 |
233 | Chivilcoy | 3000 | 2 | 78,30 | 0,31 | 0,47 | 0,22 | 3,04 | 10,9 | 12,6 | 35,31 | 1,815 |
234 | 9 de Julio | 4000 | 2 | 81,30 | 0,45 | 0,47 | 0,16 | 6,65 | 10,4 | 12,1 | 36,21 | 1,770 |
235 | 9 de Julio | 4000 | 2 | 81,20 | 0,06 | 0,35 | 0,16 | 3,14 | 11,9 | 13,8 | 36,06 | 1,780 |
236 | 9 de Julio | 4000 | 2 | 82,20 | 0,10 | 0,22 | 0,16 | 2,00 | 10,9 | 12,6 | 36,32 | 1,657 |
237 | 9 de Julio | 4000 | 2 | 81,50 | 0,06 | 0,29 | 0,23 | 2,04 | 10,8 | 12,5 | 33,53 | 1,676 |
238 | 9 de Julio | 2000 | 1 | 82,40 | 0,29 | 0,19 | 0,26 | 4,90 | 11,2 | 12,9 | 36,83 | 1,648 |
239 | Saladillo | 3000 | 2 | 81,00 | 1,44 | 0,35 | 0,36 | 5,00 | 9,5 | 11,0 | 35,35 | 1,579 |
240 | Monte | 1000 | 2 | 82,80 | 0,09 | 0,16 | 0,60 | 0,87 | 10,4 | 12,0 | 39,19 | 1,588 |
241 | Las Flores | 1000 | 2 | 78,10 | 0,75 | 0,12 | 0,44 | 3,39 | 9,9 | 11,5 | 32,80 | 1,634 |
242 | 25 de Mayo | 4000 | 2 | 81,40 | 0,10 | 0,29 | 0,23 | 1,85 | 11,3 | 13,0 | 35,77 | 1,670 |
243 | 25 de Mayo | 4000 | 1 | 81,80 | 0,08 | 0,16 | 0,18 | 2,42 | 11,6 | 13,4 | 35,53 | 1,773 |
244 | 25 de Mayo | 2000 | 2 | 77,20 | 0,26 | 0,73 | 0,57 | 2,48 | 11,1 | 12,8 | 33,44 | 1,914 |
245 | Carlos Tejedor | 4000 | 2 | 81,20 | 0,13 | 0,35 | 0,38 | 3,52 | 10,7 | 12,3 | 33,15 | 1,813 |
246 | San Pedro | 4000 | 2 | 80,20 | 0,04 | 0,10 | 0,62 | 2,03 | 11,0 | 12,7 | 31,21 | 1,812 |
Appendix Of Locality Composite Samples
Sample Identification | Flour Analysis | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sample Number | Locality, District or Department | Milling | Farinogram | Alveogram | ||||||||||
Wet Gluten (%) | Dry Gluten (%) | Falling Number (SEC.) | Flour Yield (%) | Ash (dry basis) (%) | % WA (14 % H°) | D. T. (min.) | Stability (min.) | Degree Softening (12 min.) | P (mm) | L (mm) | W joules x 10 | P / L | ||
200 | Junín | 28,4 | 10,5 | 455 | 70,7 | 0,669 | 59,3 | 9,5 | 17,7 | 35 | 104 | 78 | 294 | 1,33 |
201 | Junín | 24,2 | 9,0 | 382 | 69,9 | 0,507 | 52,3 | 15,3 | 31,7 | 13 | 68 | 70 | 191 | 0,97 |
202 | Junín | 27,4 | 10,1 | 467 | 70,2 | 0,565 | 54,6 | 11,5 | 23,8 | 23 | 77 | 99 | 275 | 0,78 |
203 | Chacabuco | 25,4 | 9,4 | 411 | 64,4 | 0,511 | 54,0 | 10,4 | 36,0 | 6 | 87 | 63 | 226 | 1,38 |
204 | Chacabuco | 28,9 | 10,7 | 418 | 65,0 | 0,514 | 54,0 | 10,4 | 36,0 | 6 | 80 | 84 | 264 | 0,95 |
205 | Rojas | 27,3 | 10,1 | 444 | 70,4 | 0,630 | 57,8 | 18,6 | 27,2 | 25 | 113 | 69 | 311 | 1,64 |
206 | Rojas | 31,5 | 11,7 | 456 | 65,7 | 0,579 | 58,2 | 14,7 | 23,0 | 22 | 95 | 86 | 305 | 1,10 |
207 | Rojas | 28,5 | 10,6 | 386 | 72,6 | 0,568 | 59,0 | 17,0 | 24,9 | 27 | 100 | 83 | 308 | 1,20 |
208 | General Arenales | 29,7 | 11,0 | 412 | 67,0 | 0,533 | 56,8 | 18,2 | 27,3 | 22 | 86 | 102 | 335 | 0,84 |
209 | General Arenales | 31,1 | 11,5 | 459 | 67,0 | 0,566 | 57,4 | 14,1 | 33,2 | 7 | 94 | 90 | 315 | 1,04 |
210 | Florentino Ameghino | 26,1 | 9,7 | 381 | 66,4 | 0,485 | 52,5 | 34,7 | 47,3 | 14 | 81 | 60 | 210 | 1,35 |
211 | General Pinto | 25,7 | 9,5 | 428 | 66,4 | 0,502 | 53,5 | 32,3 | 46,4 | 13 | 80 | 76 | 244 | 1,05 |
212 | General Pinto | 25,0 | 9,3 | 412 | 64,6 | 0,489 | 53,2 | 37,2 | 59,2 | 7 | 101 | 44 | 205 | 2,30 |
213 | General Pinto | 20,7 | 7,7 | 443 | 64,8 | 0,534 | 53,6 | 31,5 | 41,1 | 24 | 110 | 44 | 206 | 2,50 |
214 | Lincoln | 22,4 | 8,3 | 417 | 65,0 | 0,505 | 52,4 | 34,2 | 46,5 | 24 | 101 | 36 | 169 | 2,81 |
215 | Lincoln | 22,3 | 8,2 | 428 | 67,7 | 0,580 | 53,5 | 22,6 | 37,7 | 12 | 108 | 40 | 194 | 2,70 |
216 | Lincoln | 29,0 | 10,7 | 433 | 64,4 | 0,530 | 54,5 | 14,6 | 30,3 | 11 | 93 | 75 | 280 | 1,24 |
217 | Lincoln | 24,4 | 9,0 | 449 | 66,9 | 0,527 | 53,6 | 32,0 | 41,1 | 19 | 82 | 72 | 237 | 1,14 |
218 | General Villegas | 24,2 | 8,9 | 457 | 66,9 | 0,514 | 53,2 | 34,5 | 47,6 | 15 | 86 | 74 | 263 | 1,16 |
219 | General Villegas | 23,5 | 8,7 | 440 | 65,4 | 0,537 | 52,6 | 35,7 | 47,4 | 23 | 84 | 73 | 248 | 1,15 |
220 | General Villegas | 23,3 | 8,6 | 441 | 65,2 | 0,520 | 52,3 | 18,6 | 34,1 | 11 | 78 | 64 | 210 | 1,22 |
221 | General Villegas | 24,3 | 9,0 | 455 | 66,9 | 0,597 | 56,8 | 10,6 | 17,8 | 45 | 92 | 66 | 232 | 1,39 |
222 | Leandro N. Alem | 30,4 | 11,2 | 470 | 60,9 | 0,589 | 58,7 | 14,9 | 20,3 | 31 | 89 | 89 | 292 | 1,00 |
223 | Leandro N. Alem | 29,2 | 10,8 | 459 | 68,5 | 0,683 | 61,3 | 10,0 | 18,7 | 26 | 107 | 72 | 293 | 1,49 |
224 | General Viamonte | 29,9 | 11,1 | 453 | 65,6 | 0,524 | 56,9 | 18,4 | 24,3 | 32 | 90 | 69 | 260 | 1,30 |
225 | Alberti | 24,9 | 9,2 | 396 | 66,1 | 0,512 | 54,0 | 12,9 | 21,6 | 44 | 76 | 84 | 248 | 0,90 |
226 | Alberti | 24,7 | 9,2 | 386 | 72,5 | 0,605 | 57,0 | 16,5 | 25,9 | 32 | 126 | 35 | 203 | 3,60 |
227 | Bragado | 23,5 | 8,7 | 424 | 67,9 | 0,510 | 54,9 | 27,1 | 39,2 | 17 | 102 | 47 | 215 | 2,17 |
228 | Bragado | 26,6 | 9,9 | 425 | 72,2 | 0,623 | 57,1 | 12,3 | 22,4 | 27 | 101 | 43 | 188 | 2,35 |
229 | Bragado | 20,7 | 7,7 | 408 | 69,9 | 0,506 | 51,5 | 31,7 | 45,5 | 15 | 93 | 38 | 163 | 2,45 |
230 | Mercedes | 21,5 | 8,0 | 400 | 71,1 | 0,562 | 52,1 | 5,9 | 20,8 | 27 | 92 | 39 | 162 | 2,36 |
231 | Suipacha | 23,1 | 8,6 | 416 | 68,2 | 0,527 | 52,5 | 16,5 | 29,8 | 16 | 100 | 31 | 145 | 3,23 |
232 | Chivilcoy | 25,1 | 9,3 | 433 | 71,8 | 0,605 | 56,0 | 9,0 | 24,3 | 20 | 98 | 45 | 194 | 2,18 |
233 | Chivilcoy | 25,6 | 9,5 | 464 | 70,6 | 0,541 | 54,5 | 12,2 | 22,5 | 32 | 85 | 48 | 176 | 1,77 |
234 | 9 de Julio | 25,8 | 9,5 | 394 | 69,6 | 0,619 | 55,5 | 4,4 | 23,9 | 24 | 97 | 64 | 253 | 1,52 |
235 | 9 de Julio | 26,5 | 9,8 | 429 | 73,1 | 0,623 | 57,2 | 4,1 | 22,0 | 17 | 98 | 67 | 259 | 1,46 |
236 | 9 de Julio | 28,0 | 10,4 | 357 | 65,8 | 0,585 | 58,2 | 11,8 | 21,5 | 34 | 94 | 72 | 263 | 1,31 |
237 | 9 de Julio | 25,6 | 9,5 | 421 | 68,3 | 0,519 | 54,0 | 8,9 | 20,3 | 31 | 74 | 67 | 193 | 1,10 |
238 | 9 de Julio | 24,0 | 8,9 | 383 | 75,9 | 0,637 | 58,2 | 7,8 | 17,5 | 36 | 93 | 72 | 253 | 1,29 |
239 | Saladillo | 19,7 | 7,3 | 367 | 70,1 | 0,506 | 50,6 | 23,7 | 40,5 | 11 | 74 | 48 | 156 | 1,54 |
240 | Monte | 22,9 | 8,5 | 448 | 73,5 | 0,624 | 60,3 | 4,5 | 15,7 | 29 | 114 | 57 | 262 | 2,00 |
241 | Las Flores | 21,2 | 7,8 | 395 | 69,5 | 0,515 | 51,8 | 3,6 | 6,5 | 43 | 84 | 38 | 143 | 2,21 |
242 | 25 de Mayo | 28,0 | 10,4 | 392 | 72,8 | 0,621 | 58,1 | 7,8 | 24,3 | 17 | 115 | 48 | 237 | 2,40 |
243 | 25 de Mayo | 26,9 | 10,0 | 403 | 71,6 | 0,560 | 56,0 | 14,4 | 27,6 | 18 | 107 | 43 | 206 | 2,49 |
244 | 25 de Mayo | 27,0 | 10,0 | 432 | 72,4 | 0,626 | 56,5 | 5,4 | 19,1 | 31 | 100 | 43 | 185 | 2,33 |
245 | Carlos Tejedor | 23,6 | 8,7 | 418 | 68,1 | 0,520 | 52,5 | 29,8 | 45,2 | 10 | 94 | 61 | 239 | 1,54 |
246 | San Pedro | 24,5 | 9,1 | 445 | 72,0 | 0,619 | 54,2 | 21,8 | 34,3 | 18 | 94 | 68 | 259 | 1,38 |