Crop growing was under two different weather conditions. Too much water at planting delayed wheat implantation. However, the critical period was under significant water stress.
Winter rainfall across the subregion was above average, which delayed the planting of long cycle cultivars and favored short and intermediate cycle varieties. In August rainfall dropped drastically. Along the cycle, water deficit was about 150 mm.
Temperatures at planting and booting were as expected. At grain filling, temperatures were similar to the historical average: 17/18º C, but there was a significant variation from extremely high (9 days above 30ºC) to very low (4 days of minimums below 2ºC in November).
The incidence of foliar diseases was not important. For the second consecutive year, there was stripe rust roya due to Puccinia striiformis; some very susceptible cultivars presented wheat leaf rust and stem rust due to P. triticina and P. graminis, respectively.
Late frosts affected some areas: they were mild in Tres Arroyos, Necochea and along the sea shore. In the basin of the River Salado, though, frost effects were severe.
High water stress due to little rainfall at critical periods heavily impacted on yields across the subregion. Rainfall was almost average but varied widely from one soil condition to the next, local rainfall and applied technology. To the east, yields were good or very good but decreased to the west. Water stress resulted in a significantly lower number of grains per square meter as well as in reduced grain weight. Grain filling lasted a shorter period, and harvest started 5 to 8 days before usual.
Yields ranged from 2,000 to 5,000 kg/ha. There was no commercial quality issued thanks to the nitrogen farmers used along the growing season. Therefore, grain protein content ranged from average to high values.
MAP OF THE SUBREGION |
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GRADE DISTRIBUTION |
FLOUR ANALYSIS | PARAMETERS | MINIMUM | MAXIMUM | AVERAGE | STANDARD DEVIATION | VARIATION COEFFICIENT | |||
MILLING | Wet Gluten (%) | 17,3 | 29,6 | 24,2 | 3,5 | 14,49 | |||
Dry Gluten (%) | 6,4 | 10,8 | 8,8 | 1,3 | 14,28 | ||||
Falling Number (seg.) | 283 | 496 | 417 | 38 | 9,12 | ||||
Flour Yield (%) | 49,0 | 61,5 | 58,8 | 2,5 | 4,22 | ||||
Ash (dry basis) (%) | 0,480 | 0,627 | 0,533 | 0,037 | 6,88 | ||||
FARINOGRAM | Water Absorption (14 % H°) (%) | 52,9 | 61,2 | 56,1 | 2,1 | 3,71 | |||
Development Time (min.) | 6,5 | 40,4 | 24,0 | 8,3 | 34,69 | ||||
Stability (min.) | 16,0 | 54,6 | 38,3 | 9,2 | 24,09 | ||||
Degree of Softening (12 min.) | 0 | 37 | 12 | 9 | 72,24 | ||||
P (mm) | 62 | 132 | 103 | 15 | 14,50 | ||||
ALVEOGRAM | |||||||||
L (mm) | 48 | 129 | 69 | 17 | 24,60 | ||||
W Joules x 10-4 | 197 | 412 | 278 | 57 | 20,49 | ||||
P / L | 0,48 | 2,44 | 1,49 | 0,46 | 30,87 | ||||
These results were elaborated with 31 composite samples prepared proportionally from 563 primary samples (farmer deliveries). |
SUBREGION DATA
In this sub region the wheat production was 1.770.486 tons., the 9,7% of the national total. Were sampled 118.072 tons., the 6,7% of the sub region production.
APPENDIX OF LOCALITY COMPOSITE SAMPLES | |||||||||||||
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION | WHEAT ANALYSIS | ||||||||||||
SAMPLE NUMBER | LOCALITY, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT | TONNAJE | GRADE | TEST WEIGT (Kg/hl) | TOTAL DAMAGED KERNELS(%) | FOREIGN MATERIAL(%) | SHRUNKEN AND BROKEN KERNELS(%) | YELLOW BERRY KERNELS(%) |
PROTEIN (MOISTURE 13,5 % H°) |
PROTEIN (s/S.S.S.) | WEIGT OF 1000 KERNELS | ASH(dry basis)(%) | |
403 | Lobería | 4000 | 1 | 79,90 | 0,00 | 0,14 | 0,32 | 0,24 | 11,8 | 13,6 | 33,16 | 1,622 | |
404 | Lobería | 4000 | 2 | 80,80 | 0,00 | 0,34 | 0,24 | 0,52 | 11,8 | 13,6 | 33,42 | 1,612 | |
405 | Azul | 4000 | 3 | 79,45 | 0,18 | 0,38 | 1,30 | 1,08 | 11,0 | 12,7 | 38,50 | 1,575 | |
407 |
| 4000 | 2 | 79,00 | 0,00 | 0,40 | 0,30 | 0,36 | 10,5 | 12,1 | 40,40 | 1,531 | |
409 |
| 4000 | 1 | 79,00 | 0,16 | 0,20 | 0,26 | 0,80 | 11,5 | 13,3 | 34,63 | 1,597 | |
414 | Necochea | 4000 | 1 | 80,35 | 0,06 | 0,12 | 0,42 | 0,28 | 11,4 | 13,2 | 35,78 | 1,573 | |
417 | Lobería | 4000 | 2 | 79,45 | 0,02 | 0,32 | 0,52 | 0,30 | 10,8 | 12,5 | 37,13 | 1,469 | |
418 | General Juan Madariaga | 3000 | 2 | 76,10 | 0,18 | 0,34 | 0,26 | 0,50 | 11,0 | 12,7 | 37,49 | 1,601 | |
419 | Maipú | 2000 | 1 | 80,35 | 0,24 | 0,12 | 0,36 | 0,74 | 10,3 | 11,9 | 36,10 | 1,543 | |
420 | Balcarce | 4000 | 1 | 80,60 | 0,12 | 0,18 | 0,42 | 0,00 | 12,2 | 14,1 | 34,21 | 1,670 | |
421 |
| 4000 | 2 | 81,70 | 0,00 | 0,28 | 0,48 | 0,82 | 10,6 | 12,3 | 38,47 | 1,614 | |
422 | Mar Chiquita | 4000 | 2 | 76,10 | 0,38 | 0,48 | 0,44 | 1,16 | 10,5 | 12,1 | 33,90 | 1,560 | |
423 | General Pueyrredon | 4000 | 2 | 79,25 | 0,02 | 0,12 | 0,60 | 1,96 | 11,2 | 12,9 | 37,19 | 1,657 | |
500 |
| 4005 | 2 | 83,05 | 0,00 | 0,20 | 0,62 | 1,80 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 35,70 | 1,632 | |
501 |
| 3990 | 1 | 82,60 | 0,00 | 0,32 | 0,90 | 6,20 | 9,7 | 11,2 | 37,10 | 1,626 | |
502 |
| 3985 | 2 | 82,60 | 0,08 | 0,34 | 0,44 | 3,20 | 10,5 | 12,1 | 34,90 | 1,722 | |
503 |
| 4000 | 2 | 82,60 | 0,16 | 0,72 | 0,66 | 0,40 | 11,6 | 13,4 | 33,00 | 1,718 | |
504 |
| 4000 | 2 | 81,25 | 0,00 | 0,36 | 1,20 | 1,00 | 11,0 | 12,7 | 28,40 | 1,756 | |
505 |
| 3990 | 2 | 81,25 | 0,06 | 0,18 | 0,84 | 0,00 | 11,4 | 13,2 | 30,40 | 1,698 | |
506 |
| 2000 | 3 | 79,00 | 0,00 | 1,12 | 0,60 | 2,20 | 10,7 | 12,4 | 30,70 | 1,774 | |
507 |
| 3995 | 2 | 76,35 | 0,00 | 0,12 | 0,20 | 1,20 | 10,9 | 12,6 | 39,80 | 1,577 | |
515 |
| 4015 | 2 | 79,70 | 0,12 | 0,40 | 0,24 | 3,80 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 33,50 | 1,635 | |
516 |
| 4020 | 2 | 79,00 | 0,00 | 0,26 | 0,84 | 6,60 | 10,2 | 11,8 | 32,10 | 1,765 | |
517 |
| 3995 | 2 | 80,15 | 0,00 | 0,54 | 0,46 | 2,40 | 9,8 | 11,3 | 32,20 | 1,647 | |
518 |
| 4015 | 2 | 79,00 | 0,12 | 0,54 | 0,62 | 8,20 | 9,7 | 11,2 | 32,90 | 1,698 | |
519 |
| 4000 | 2 | 78,15 | 0,16 | 0,38 | 0,20 | 7,20 | 9,8 | 11,3 | 34,00 | 1,579 | |
520 |
| 4000 | 2 | 83,05 | 0,00 | 0,60 | 0,88 | 0,90 | 11,5 | 13,3 | 32,60 | 1,842 | |
521 |
| 4010 | 2 | 82,60 | 0,00 | 0,42 | 0,68 | 1,20 | 11,1 | 12,8 | 34,40 | 1,715 | |
522 |
| 3998 | 2 | 80,80 | 0,00 | 0,46 | 0,30 | 0,80 | 12,3 | 14,2 | 31,80 | 1,681 | |
523 |
| 3996 | 2 | 80,35 | 0,00 | 0,36 | 0,28 | 0,60 | 12,6 | 14,6 | 32,30 | 1,720 | |
524 |
| 2049 | 2 | 81,70 | 0,06 | 0,20 | 0,56 | 0,30 | 12,8 | 14,8 | 30,90 | 1,770 |
APPENDIX OF LOCALITY COMPOSITE SAMPLES | |||||||||||||||
SAMPLE IDENTIFICATION | WHEAT ANALYSIS | ||||||||||||||
SAMPLE NUMBER | LOCALITY, DISTRICT OR DEPARTMENT | WET GLUTEN (%) | DRY GLUTEN(%) | FALLING NUMBER (SEG.) | FLOUR YIELD(%) | FARINOGRAM | ALVEOGRAM | ASH(dry basis)(%) | |||||||
% AA (14 % H°) | T, D, (MIN.) | STABILITY (MIN.) | DEGREE SOFTENING(12 MIN.) | P | L | W | P/L | ||||||||
403 | Lobería | 27,6 | 10,2 | 427 | 60,0 | 57,6 | 30,2 | 40,6 | 15 | 105 | 86 | 357 | 1,22 | 0,552 | |
404 | Lobería | 17,3 | 6,4 | 422 | 60,5 | 58,0 | 27,2 | 30,1 | 10 | 111 | 73 | 331 | 1,52 | 0,530 | |
405 | Azul | 17,4 | 6,5 | 449 | 59,7 | 55,4 | 20,0 | 36,2 | 5 | 107 | 49 | 225 | 2,18 | 0,517 | |
407 | General Alvarado | 23,4 | 8,7 | 390 | 61,0 | 53,8 | 20,0 | 37,6 | 7 | 83 | 72 | 239 | 1,15 | 0,497 | |
409 | Balcarce | 17,3 | 6,4 | 396 | 59,9 | 55,5 | 14,7 | 35,6 | 3 | 86 | 97 | 314 | 0,89 | 0,564 | |
414 | Necochea | 26,7 | 9,9 | 420 | 61,5 | 56,3 | 20,0 | 37,8 | 4 | 109 | 64 | 287 | 1,70 | 0,564 | |
417 | Lobería | 25,1 | 9,3 | 398 | 60,2 | 54,9 | 31,7 | 38,5 | 25 | 92 | 64 | 241 | 1,44 | 0,540 | |
418 | General Juan Madariaga | 25,0 | 9,3 | 353 | 59,5 | 54,4 | 7,9 | 16,0 | 37 | 62 | 129 | 230 | 0,48 | 0,570 | |
419 | Maipú | 23,3 | 8,6 | 360 | 60,1 | 54,5 | 16,3 | 30,4 | 13 | 109 | 56 | 248 | 1,95 | 0,565 | |
420 | Balcarce | 28,4 | 10,5 | 399 | 59,8 | 56,3 | 25,3 | 32,5 | 23 | 99 | 82 | 302 | 1,21 | 0,550 | |
421 | General Alvarado | 23,5 | 8,7 | 431 | 60,4 | 55,5 | 20,0 | 34,7 | 7 | 117 | 48 | 236 | 2,44 | 0,488 | |
422 | Mar Chiquita | 23,6 | 8,7 | 283 | 60,7 | 53,7 | 9,7 | 25,0 | 17 | 84 | 74 | 227 | 1,14 | 0,537 | |
423 | General Pueyrredon | 26,0 | 9,6 | 365 | 61,2 | 55,7 | 34,2 | 42,2 | 30 | 104 | 73 | 303 | 1,42 | 0,530 | |
500 | General La Madrid | 21,9 | 7,9 | 445 | 61,0 | 56,3 | 17,7 | 54,6 | 0 | 120 | 50 | 251 | 2,40 | 0,571 | |
501 | General La Madrid | 20,4 | 7,4 | 422 | 61,3 | 55,5 | 21,6 | 49,8 | 0 | 105 | 50 | 218 | 2,10 | 0,498 | |
502 | General La Madrid | 22,5 | 8,2 | 405 | 58,1 | 58,0 | 27,4 | 41,2 | 13 | 118 | 53 | 261 | 2,23 | 0,535 | |
503 | Adolfo Gonzales Chaves | 27,6 | 9,9 | 422 | 56,7 | 58,0 | 34,2 | 48,6 | 12 | 132 | 61 | 334 | 2,16 | 0,547 | |
504 | Adolfo Gonzales Chaves | 27,4 | 10,0 | 436 | 49,0 | 56,5 | 14,2 | 45,6 | 3 | 102 | 87 | 343 | 1,17 | 0,605 | |
505 | Adolfo Gonzales Chaves | 27,3 | 9,9 | 496 | 58,0 | 57,9 | 36,8 | 30,5 | 15 | 100 | 71 | 300 | 1,41 | 0,567 | |
506 | Laprida | 24,5 | 8,7 | 415 | 56,7 | 59,2 | 29,0 | 29,6 | 7 | 121 | 67 | 320 | 1,81 | 0,504 | |
507 | Necochea | 25,5 | 9,2 | 412 | 57,3 | 55,3 | 6,5 | 19,1 | 28 | 85 | 84 | 266 | 1,01 | 0,627 | |
515 | Tres Arroyos | 22,1 | 8,1 | 457 | 60,2 | 54,4 | 25,1 | 47,2 | 9 | 92 | 55 | 213 | 1,67 | 0,516 | |
516 | Tres Arroyos | 22,4 | 8,0 | 442 | 57,7 | 54,4 | 27,4 | 42,3 | 9 | 96 | 58 | 230 | 1,66 | 0,505 | |
517 | Tres Arroyos | 20,6 | 7,5 | 408 | 57,6 | 52,9 | 26,5 | 43,8 | 12 | 99 | 48 | 205 | 2,06 | 0,480 | |
518 | Tres Arroyos | 21,4 | 7,8 | 461 | 58,5 | 52,9 | 26,5 | 43,8 | 12 | 94 | 51 | 201 | 1,84 | 0,490 | |
519 | Tres Arroyos | 21,1 | 7,7 | 413 | 56,8 | 53,2 | 26,6 | 42,0 | 10 | 85 | 56 | 197 | 1,52 | 0,503 | |
520 | Tres Arroyos | 28,0 | 10,0 | 412 | 56,7 | 57,6 | 33,0 | 49,5 | 11 | 106 | 68 | 289 | 1,56 | 0,492 | |
521 | Tres Arroyos | 27,6 | 10,0 | 419 | 56,7 | 56,7 | 14,5 | 54,6 | 0 | 100 | 82 | 319 | 1,22 | 0,571 | |
522 | Benito Juárez | 27,9 | 10,1 | 452 | 61,5 | 60,1 | 40,4 | 32,5 | 21 | 132 | 70 | 378 | 1,89 | 0,519 | |
523 | Benito Juárez | 29,6 | 10,8 | 440 | 57,8 | 60,6 | 28,3 | 30,7 | 10 | 117 | 85 | 387 | 1,38 | 0,490 | |
524 | Benito Juárez | 29,4 | 10,6 | 429 | 56,5 | 61,2 | 27,8 | 25,6 | 16 | 123 | 84 | 412 | 1,46 | 0,483 |